PASSIVE VOICE - THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG (PART 2)
Các dạng đặc biệt trong câu bị động
1. Bị động với những động từ có 2 tân ngữ
Một số đông từ được theo sau nó bởi hai tân ngữ như: give (đưa), lend (cho mượn), send (gửi), show (chỉ), buy (mua), make (làm), get (cho), … thì ta sẽ có 2 câu bị động.
Ví dụ 1:
I gave him an apple. (Tôi đã cho anh ấy một quả táo.)
O1 O2
➤ An apple was given to him. (Một quả táo đã được trao cho anh ta.)
➤ He was given an apple by me. (Anh ta đã được tôi trao cho một quả táo)
Ví dụ 2: He sends his relative a letter.
➤ His relative was sent a letter.
➤ A letter was sent to his relative (by him)
2. Thể bị động của các động từ tường thuật
Các động từ tường thuật gồm: assume, believe, claim, consider, expect, feel, find, know, report, say, …
S: chủ ngữ; S': Chủ ngữ bị động
O: Tân ngữ; O': Tân ngữ bị động
Câu nhờ vả với các động từ have, get, make có thể được đổi sang câu bị động với cấu trúc
3. Câu chủ động là câu nhờ vả
4. Câu chủ động là câu hỏi
- Thể bị động của câu hỏi Yes/No
5. Bị động với các động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến
Một số động từ chỉ quan điểm ý kiến thông dụng là: think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report…(nghĩ rằng/nói rằng/cho rằng/tin rằng/xem xét rằng/thông báo rằng….)
Ví dụ:
People think he stole his mother’s money. (Mọi người nghĩ anh ta lấy cắp tiền của mẹ anh ta.)
➤ It is thought that he stole his mother’s money.
➤ He is thought to have stolen his mother’s money.
6. Bị động với các động từ chỉ giác quan
Các động từ giác quan là các động từ chỉ nhận thức của con người như: see (nhìn), hear (nghe), watch (xem), look (nhìn), notice (nhận thấy), ….
S + Vp + Sb + Ving. (nhìn/xem/nghe… ai đó đang làm gì)
Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì và chỉ thấy 1 phần của hành động hoặc 1 hành động đang diễn ra bị 1 hành động khác xen vào.
Ví dụ:
- He watched them playing football. (Anh ta nhìn thấy họ đang đá bóng.)
➤ They were watched playing football. (Họ được nhìn thấy đang đá bóng.)
Cấu trúc : S + Vp + Sb + V. (nhìn/xem/nghe ai đó làm gì)
Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì từ đầu đến cuối.
Ví dụ:
- I heard her cry. (Tôi nghe thấy cô ấy khóc.)
➤ She was heard to cry. (Cô ấy được nghe thấy là đã khóc.)
7. Câu chủ động là câu mệnh lệnh
- Thể khẳng định:
-
Chủ động: V + O + …
-
Bị Động: Let O + be + V3/-ed
Ví dụ: Put your pen down → Let your pen be put down. (Bỏ cây bút xuống)
- Thể phủ định:
-
Chủ động: Do not + V + O + …
-
Bị động: Let + O + NOT + be + V3/-ed
Ví dụ: Do not take this item. → Let this item not be taken. (Không lấy sản phẩm này)
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
EXERCISE 1: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.
1. They told me that you were the best architect in this city.
2. She reported that the flowers were killed by frost.
3. Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England.
4. That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week.
5. He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt.
6. They promise that the performance will start on time.
7. He recommends that we should stay at the city center.
8. We believed that Alice would pass the driving test.
9. The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month.
10. They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium.
11. They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend.
12. People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century.
13. They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her.
14. The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train.
15. He told me that his football team had played well last season.
Đáp án
1. I was told that you were the architect in this city.
2. It was reported that the flowers were killed by frost./ The flowers were reported to be killed by frost.
3. I am informed that the director is going to take a business trip to England.
4. It was announced that the meeting was delayed until next week.
5. It was discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt.
6. It is promised that the performance will start on time.
7. It is recommended that we should stay at the city center.
8. It was believed that Alice would pass the driving test./ Alice was believed to pass the driving test.
9. All the workers are notified that they will have to work extra hard this month.
10. I have been persuaded that they will go with me to the stadium.
11. It has been decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend.
12. It is thought that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century./ Maradona is thought to be the best football player in the 20th century.
13. It is found that the job is not suitable for a girl like her./ The job is found to be not suitable for a girl like her.
14. It was explained that this powerful engine pulled the train.
15. I was told that his football team had played well last season.
EXERCISE 2: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.
1. I had my nephew paint the gate last week.
2. She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.
3. They have her tell the story again.
4. John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
5. Anne had had a friend type her composition.
6. Rick will have a barber cut his hair.
7. I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.
8. He had a mechanic repair his car.
9. She often gets the technician to maintain the heater.
10. They had the police arrest the shoplifter.
11. Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?
12. I must have the dentist check my teeth.
13. She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog.
14. We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer.
15. The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet.
Đáp án
1. I had the gate painted last week.
2. She will have her car washed tomorrow.
3. They have the story told again.
4. John gets his shirt cleaned.
5. Anne has had her composition typed.
6. Rick will have his hair cut.
7. I will get a new dress made.
8. He had his car repaired.
9. She often gets the heater maintained.
10. They had the shoplifter arrested.
11. Are you going to have your shoes repaired?
12. I must have my teeth checked.
13. She will have her dog examined.
14. We had this photograph taken when we were on holiday last summer.
15. The Greens had their carpet cleaned.
EXERCISE 3: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
1. Tam learns English everyday.
2. Mr.Pike bought a new car yesterday.
3. Tam is reading a book now.
4. They can't make tea with cold water.
5. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
6. Somebody has taken some of my book away.
7. They will hold the meeting before the may day.
8. They have to repair the engine of the car
9. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
10. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
11. They may use this room for the classroom.
12. The teacher is going to tell the story.
13. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
14. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
15. You mustn't use this machine after 5.30pm.
16. They told the new students where to sit.
17. John used to visit Mr.Cole at weekends.
18. She ought to do all the housework.
19. My mother had written the letter before 1985.
20. I'm cleaning my room.
21. They should phone her before the meeting.
22. My mother was making a cake when I came home.
23. Someone has stolen his car.
24. Police were questioning Tom.
25. He opens the mails every morning.
26. They are building a new school in this town.
27. The fire has destroyed many houses.
28. We finished the job by 10 o' clock.
29. They close the museum on Monday.
30. The police stopped us on our way to school.
31. People speak English all over the world.
32. They will build a new school next year.
33. John will deliver the letter.
34. He must do it right now.
35. You should finish the report now.
36. We shall discuss the matter in the afternoon.
37. People must not leave bicycle in the hall.
38. Parents should give children a lot of love.
39. Mr.Brown will fly a plane easily.
40. They made him work all day.
41. You needn't do all the homework.
42. He had to finish his work on time.
43. He used to borrow my pen.
44. Somebody has taken my briefcase.
45. Mr.Brian saw the accident.
46. The mad dog bit the little boy.
Đáp án
1. English is learned by Tam everyday.
2. A new car was bought by Mr. Pike yesterday.
3. A book is being read by Tam now.
4. Tea can't be made with cold water.
5. All the workers of the plant were instructed by the chef engineer.
6. Some of my books have been taken away.
7. The meeting will be held before the may day.
8. The engine of the car has to be repaired.
9. The window was broken and some pictures were took away by the boys.
10. A lot of money is spent everyday.
11. This room may be used for the classroom.
12. The story is going to be told by the teacher.
13. The cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary.
14. The victims have been provided with food and clothing.
15. The machine mustn't be used after 5.30pm.
16. The new student were told where to sit.
17. Mr. Cole used to be visited by John at weekends.
18. All the housework ought to be done.
19.The letter had been written by my mother before 1985.
20. My room is being cleaned.
21. She should be phoned before the meeting.
22. A cake was being made by my mother when I cam home.
23. His car has been stolen.
24. Tom was being questioned by police.
25. The mails are opened every morning.
26. A new school is being built in this town.
27. Many houses have been destroyed by the fire.
28. The job was finished by 10 o' clock.
29. The museum is closed on Monday.
30. We were stopped by the police on our way to school.
31. English is spoken all over the world.
32. A new school will be built next year.
33. The letter will be delivered by John.
34. It must be done right now.
35. The report should be finished right now.
36. The matter will be discussed in the afternoon.
37. Bicycle mustn't be left in the hall.
XEM THÊM BỊ ĐỘNG PHẦN 1
