Cấu trúc IF ONLY: Công thức và bài tập áp dụng
Ở bài Câu ao ước, chúng tôi có nhắc đến cấu trúc “If only” (giá mà/ phải chi) mang ý nghĩa nuối tiếc, có sắc thái mạnh hơn “I wish”. Trong bài viết hôm nay, chúng ta hãy cùng đào sâu công thức và luyện bài tập phần cấu trúc này nhé.
I. If only ở tương lai
-
Diễn tả mong muốn sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.
If only + S + would/ could + V_inf
Ví dụ:
If only I could be a pilot in the future. (Giá mà trong tương lai tôi có thể trở thành một phi công.)
II. If only ở hiện tại
-
Diễn tả ước muốn trái với sự thật ở hiện tại.
If only + S + V2/ed/ (be → were)
Ví dụ:
If only I were rich. (Tôi ước tôi giàu → nhưng thực tế là tôi không giàu.)
If only you were my sister. (Phải chi bạn là chị tôi → nhưng thực tế bạn không phải là chị tôi.)
III. If only ở quá khứ
-
Diễn tả ước muốn trái với sự thật ở quá khứ.
If only + S + had + V3/ed
Ví dụ:
If only she had told me the truth. (Phải chi cô ấy kể cho tôi toàn bộ sự thật → nhưng thực tế cô ấy đã không kể.)
IV. Bài tập
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer:
1. If only my boyfriend_____ in time to pick me up.
A. comes B. come C. came D. has come
2. I was here for only a week. If only I _____ more time there but I had to move to Paris.
A. had B. would have C. had had D. has
3. If only my parents_____ to me.
A. listens B. listen C. have listened D. listened
4. If only she (finish) _____ her homework last night.
A. will finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
5. If only my dad _____smoke.
A. do B. did C. doesn’t D. didn’t
6. My dog is making too much noise. If only it _____ quiet.
A. kept B. would keep C. had kept D. keep
7. I miss my grandmother. If only she_____ here right now.
A. were B. could be C. had been D. were
8. If only tomorrow _____ fine.
A. will be B. were C. would be D. had been
9. If only my grandparents (visit) _____ me last week.
A. will visit B. would visit C. had visited D. visit
10. I speak English badly. If only I _____ English well.
A. will visit B. could visit C. had visited D. visited
Exercise 2: Rewrite the second sentences in each pair using “If only”:
1. I don’t know the answer to your question.
……………………………………….…………………………………………
2. I am not good at Chinese.
……………………………………….…………………………………………
3. You didn’t tell me about that earlier.
……………………………………….…………………………………………
4. I didn’t finish my work last night.
……………………………………….…………………………………………
5. I don’t have enough money to buy this villa.
……………………………………….…………………………………………
6. Today isn’t Sunday.
……………………………………….…………………………………………
7. I think my dad should stop smoking.
……………………………………….…………………………………………
8. I’ve lost my passport.
……………………………………….…………………………………………
9. I don’t live near the city center.
……………………………………….…………………………………………
10. It’s a pity that you can’t understand how I feel about you.
……………………………………….…………………………………………
V. Đáp án
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer:
1. C. came
2. C. had had
3. D. listened
4. D. had finished
5. D. didn’t
6. A. kept
7. A. were
8. C. would be
9. C. had visited
10. D. visited
Exercise 2: Rewrite the second sentences in each pair using “If only”:
1. If only I knew the answer to your question.
2. If only I were good at Chinese.
3. If only you had told me about that earlier.
4. If only I had finished my work last night.
5. If only I had enough money to buy this villa.
6. If only today were Sunday.
7. If only my dad would stop smoking.
8. If only I hadn’t lost my passport.
9. If only I lived near the city center.
10. If only you could understand how I feel about you.
